We performed an assessment of demographic parameters of occurrence of malignant tumours and mortality of the population which lives in the radioactive contaminated territory of Zhytomyr Oblast (Yemilchynskyi, Luhynskyi, Narodytskyi, Korostenskyi, Olevskyi, and Ovrutskyi districts) over a 32-year period (1985–2017). We focus mainly on the Chernobyl exclusion zone as the territory of radiation-ecological reserves of Ukraine and Belarus for scientific research in the field of radioecology and radiobiology, as well as on the most contaminated 10-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant-a Zone for special industrial usage, not suitable for living in the near future. Practically all agricultural countermeasures implemented in the large scale on contaminated lands after Chernobyl accident can be recommended for use in case of future accidents. Main positive and negative features of the decisions taken in the process of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster elimination are considered. Criteria for applying countermeasures, such as maximum expected effective irradiation dose for the population and terrestrial density of radionuclides contamination for evacuation and resettlement, restriction of business activities, etc., and also action level of radionuclides in food to reduce the internal dose, are provided. Main characteristics of radionuclides release and consequences of radiological contamination of the environment, and also remediation actions, taken to protect workers and population against radiation at different stages of rectification of the consequences of the accident in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine in 1986–2018 are analyzed. This chapter describes the lessons learned from the Chernobyl accident on the basis of practical experience. Keywords: Cesium, Strontium Plutonium Americium Chernobyl, Chernobyl accident Chernobyl NPP Terrestrial density of contamination Chernobyl Exclusion Zone Radioactive fallout Fuel particles Countermeasures Ionizing radiation, Rehabilitation, Remediation ![]() The possibility of re-evacuation of the population and use of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in economic activity were also considered.Īnalysis of the current radiological situation outside the Exclusion Zone was conducted, and methods leading to the improvement of this situation are proposed. The possibility of changes in the zone division of the radioactively contaminated territories was considered. The results of the use of protective measures after the accident and changes to Protective Action Levels caused by these measures were analyzed. The fuel particles are a specific form of Chernobyl radioactive fallout. It is noted that until now there has been no reliable information on the dynamics of the radionuclides release during the accident and the long-term behaviour of the radionuclides in the environment, which have fallen out in the content of the particles of the exposed nuclear fuel. The consequences of the Chernobyl accident – the largest radiation accident in the world - including data accumulated during the last 30 years are observed in this report. ![]() Lead writer and coordination of report: Prof. Title: “Chernobyl: 30 Years of Radioactive Contamination Legacy”
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